How to Add Audio to Video

Digital media is everywhere you look. Music and video production have made it to the grass roots level thanks to the affordability and widespread use of powerful computers.

Inexpensive digital video cameras are widely available, and older analog video cameras can be connected to a computer through a video card to download movies to the computer for editing, storage, and distribution to friends and relatives over the internet.

It has become fairly easy to edit your own videos, and there are many software packages available aimed at the amateur. The Windows operating system has its own video editing package called Windows Movie Maker that allows you to produce professional-looking videos.

As you explore this exciting new world, you will inevitably come up with the need to edit the audio portion of your video file. The sound quality of most video cameras is not great, so you may want to process the sound or replace it all together with music or voice-overs.

It is very easy to separate the audio from the video. Free software packages that do this task include Windows Media Encoder from Microsoft (if you are working with WMV video files) and VirtualDub (if you are working with AVI files). Either of these programs (and many others) allow you to save the audio portion of video file quickly and easily.
Once you have your audio file, you can process it for noise reduction, bring up the volume, add music or do any digital magic to it that you desire.

With many video editing packages, however, it isn’t necessary to split the audio to a separate file. Even simple packages like Windows Movie Maker have basic audio editing functions, and you can add separate music or voice tracks and mix all of them together.

If you have a particular audio file that you would like to use in your video (maybe a special effect or a voice over that you have recorded separately) simply add that file to the list of media to be included in the video. Other media formats can be separate video files, picture files or graphics.

The audio file can be placed anywhere on the time-line, and you can use the same file many times without requiring any extra storage space on your computer. For precise placement, zoom all the way into your timeline and place the audio exactly in sync with the video. That’s it! You are well on your way to making professional-looking videos!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Hans_Dekker

Video production is easy??

Yesterday we had a meeting with someone very important in certain faculty of our university. She is a woman with high ranking position in the faculty. She wanted us to produce a video production about 10 minutes of duration. She likes to use the video program in a book launching which take place in the university. She give us about below 10 days to complete the video from scripting, storyboading, editing, voice over, and so on. In the meeting someone said that how come to complete the video program within 10 days?. When she heard the replied, she start saying without thinking. She said, making a video program is very aesy, just take the video camera and start shooting whatever we like to shoot. Is it true?. Actually it is very untrue, uncorrect and many more.....

Sound Recording

Everytime we press the record trigger of the camcorder, visual and sound will also recorded onto the video tape. If we do not bring or forget to bring extra microphone, come close to the subject that we want to record on the tape. If we do not do so, the sound of the subject will be not recorded because of the distance. Or the sound we were recorded will be not clear or could not be listern. The example is when we are interview someone very important.

Sound

Sound is very important in video production. Can you imagine a visual without sound?. Sound is recorded onto a video tape in the same way it's recorded onto an audio cassette. Most camcorders are equipped with omni-directional mic. The microphone picks up sound from all direction. That's why it's called omni-directional. With this microphone, it will record all sound including the sound that we do not want to.

Filter again

Filter is a piece of optical glass that is attached in front of the video camera's lens. Actually filter holder which can be screwed in front of the video camera's lens is easyly available in the market. Below are the use of certain colour filter in video camera shooting;

• Orange filter: add warmth to light and to suppress blue casts or overcast days.
• Blue filter: cold the scene, used to create an evening mood, create effect of pre-sunrise morning light and create the effect of monnlight if combine with underexposure.
• Sepia filters: gives old-fashioned photographs.
  

Filters

Lens filters can be used to change and improve the image that we are shooting. The ultraviolet or UV filter helps to reduce the blue haze on sunny days. Neutral Density filter is used to reduce the amount of light reaching the image sensor in the recorder. Polarizing filter increase the sharpness and suppress reflection from non-metallic surface such as mirrors.

Once more about white balance

The camcorder that we are using should be adjusted or setting the 'white balance' properly before begin the shooting. Otherwise the colour of the scene that we are recording on the tape become unnatural.


But sometimes the camcorder is wrongly setting it's 'white balance' on purpose. This is in order to achieve certain 'effect'. For example if the camcorder is setting to daylight 'white balance', it will give a yellowish scene when shooting the scene lit by artificial light source.

National Career Carnival 2008

Open ceremony of 'National Career Carnival 2008' by YB. Datuk Khalid Nordin, Minister of Higher Education on 17 Oktober 2008.

Multiple Camera Production intrument that are used during recording of the opening.

Listerning the information.

Booths in the Dewan Gemilang

17 Oktober 2007:

White balance again.

Our eyes can see white object under different colour of light source as 'white' object . However the video cameras cannot do that. We have to set the 'white balance' of the video camera. Most video camera has automatic white balance. What we should do is point the video camera at anything which is white in colour such as white cardboard. Then press auto white balance button until we can see 'WHITE BALANCE=O.K' in the viewfinder.

Color temperature again.

The white light we see is a mixture of different colours of spectrum. When certain object is heated such as metal, it will glow red then turns orange, yellow, blue and violet. The color change as the temperature increase. The red colour is the lowest temperature. The colour temperature is measured in unit called Kelvin. Candle will give about 2000Kelvin, sunrise between 2000K - 3000K, moonlight i2 4000K and daylight in afternoon is between 5000 - 6000K.


The eyes and brain can 'read' white object under different colours of light but the video camera cannot. In other word, every time we move from one light source to another we have to set the 'white balance' setting of the camera. Otherwise the picture we are shooting will show unnatural colour.

Holding the camcorder

We should always remember that the stability of the camcorder during shooting is very important. Use both hands, lean firmly against the wall, kneeling and sitting firmly will provide stability. Actually the professional news cameraman rarely use tripods because their camcorders are big, heavy and well balanced and easier to keep stady. They are also very experience in their job. To achieve steady shooting with hand held, the lens should be set to infinity and go nearest to the subjects.

As designed, the cameraman always hold the camcorder with the right hand. The style that we are holding the camcorder will ensure the stability of the subjects which we are shooting. Use the left hand to support and make the camcorder steady. The position of the left hand which will give the best support is under the lens barrel of the camcorder.

Small camcorder such as palmcorder, can be hold firmly with the grip strap over the right hand. Use both hands to make the palmcorder more steadily. Place the left hand beneath the palmcorder's body. With larger camcorder, use the right shoulder to support the camcorder. Press the camcorder against the cheek which give the extra steadiness.

Depth of Field

What's depth of field?.
Depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the furthest points that will be in focus. In other words all the subjects between the points will be in focus during the shooting.


There are several principles of depth of field.

• The greater the focal length, the narrower the depth
• The greater the aperture, the narrower the depth
• The nearer the subject to the lens, the narrower the depth

To achieve the greatest depth of field during shooting, the subject that we are shooting should be in bright light, clear days and set the lens to widest setting.

Manual focussing

Some camcorders can use manual focussing. The cameraman should has certain skill to operate the camcorder with manual setting lens. During the shooting the cameraman has to rotate the focussing ring on the lens barrel until the image viewed through viewfinder becomes very sharp.

The cameraman also, should has the skill to focus moving subjects while panning, tilting and etc. The subjects should be focussed all the times. All these skill need practise and cannot be grapped within one or two days.

Focus

All camcorders have auto focus system to ensure that the subjects that we are shooting are sharply focused. The systems use infra-red beams fired from beside the camcorder's lens to measure the camcorder's distance from the subjects. Some others camcorders use the method through the lens(TTL) where the image sensor detect the image sharpness.


AUTO FOCUS

The systems can interprete what the lens sees and keep the shot always in focus. An auto focus works firing infra-red beams to the subjects. The infra-red reflected back to the image sensor in the lens. The camcorder measure the time take by the infra-red beams to return back to the sensor. With the times, the system will calculate the distance. Then the focussing ring of the camcorder will adjusted by an electric motor.

However in certain situation, auto focus setting cannot be used, because the subject that we are shooting becomes inaccurate. In other words the subjects are not accurately focussed. To overcome this problem, we should use manual focussing.


The situation where auto focussing is not effective:

• Shooting subjects through the bars or netting. Auto focus will focus the bars in the foreground not the subjects.

• Subjects are under low light situation. The infra-red systems have difficulty to measure the distance of the subjects.

• Subjects that are move very fast. The subjects will cause a temporary lost of focus.

• Subjects that are placed at the edge of the frame.
  

White Balance

What is white balance?. Besides manual white balance, most of the camcoders are equipped with automatic white balance facility. The automatic white balance register the color temperature of the source and makes the adjustments to ensure the correct reproduction of all colors.


What is the color temperature?. 'White' light is made up of all the colors of the spectrum and differant source of light of different colors temperature. The lowest temperatures are at the red end of the spectrum and the highest are at the blue end.


Some camcorders have PRE-SET white balance position to cope with the different lighting conditions. If we fail to set right setting of the white balance, the subjects that we recordered on the tape will have an unnatural color cast. Some camcorders have automatic white balance where we can set the button to indoor or outdoor shooting. The camcorder will automatically set the white balance according to the condition of the light source.

The camcorder feature

Lux;

Lux is the unit for measuring the amount of light illuminating the certain area. Since the camcorders are able to operate in low light, a subject lit by a candle can be seen in the shooting. But for the best result, we should shoot subject which is fully lit by bright light. Sharp, bright colors and natural looking image can be seen during the shooting.

Back light compensator;

One of auto-exposure problem is when we shooting subject with bright light coming from behind the subject. The iris closes down and the face of the subject can't be seen clearly or silhouette. The back light compensator(BLC) open up the iris to correct the exposure on the subject. However the background of the subject is looking bleach.

Camcorder features

The 'iris diaphragm' is a form of exposure system in camcorder. It is located in the lens system. The iris is adjusts the aperture by electronic control. The adjustment of the aperture is to ensure that the image that recorded to the tape is faithful. Auto-exposure systems which is fully electronic control, enable the cameraman to concentrate on the other aspects of shooting. The aperture closes down automatically to its minimum size during shooting in bright sunlight. It will opens up to its maximum in poor light.
In manual iris, the cameraman are fully control over the exposure. He is able to adjust the aperture during the shooting by looking through the viewfinder.

Tripod/ stands

chestpod

monopod

Tripods are very important in video shooting. Since camera steadiness is important, using support will improve our scenes that are recorded to the tape. Tripod is essential whwn we are using a telephoto converter and longer focal lengths. The tripod also important when we using macro shooting and shooting subject in long period. Fluid head tripod provide freedom of movement and the cameraman able to pan and tilt more smoother. The tripod can be adjusted to any height that we want to. If we want to use support lighter than tripod we may use monopod, shoulder holsters, chest pods or many others.

tripod

More about camcorder

All camcorders more or less have the same function. They have viewfinder that acts as a monitor, able to playback the scenes that are recordered before. Besides with AC current the camcorder can be powered by rechargeable batteries. Camcorder also has zoom lens and built in microphones. The different are their format(tape size used), image resolution, sound system, shape, weight and etc.



Format;

In broadcasting the most common format camcorders used are Betacam, DVCam, MiniDV, DVC Pro and many more. The common home used camcorders are palmcorders. This palmcorders use mini DV tape, video disc or Hard Disc. Nowaday VHS camcorders with VHS tape are no longer used by videographers. That type of format are very seldom available in the market.



How to choose camcorder:

Besides the price, there are several features to consider before buying camcorders;

• The camcorder should be light and portable if we plan to do a lot of travel videos
• Picture quality should be hight to avoid picture drop quality during copying
• The tape length is also very important.
• The quality of sound.
• The robustness of the camcorder is very important especially in broadcast.
  

Digital-Camcorder or Analogue – Is There Any Comparison? By John Gibb Platinum Quality Author

People have been getting along just fine for years with old-fashioned analogue camcorders. Why are digital ones any better? There are lots and lots of reasons.

First of all, if you’ve ever seen a video made on an analogue camcorder, you’ll know just how low the quality is. It’s grainy, with nasty textual watermarks and bad sound. Digital camcorders, on the other hand, use digital recording techniques to give you higher resolution, which means higher picture quality – even the worst digital camcorder has picture quality dramatically better than a TV is even capable of displaying.

Digital camcorders are also easier to carry. The digital media they record onto is smaller, lighter and has a higher capacity, meaning that the unit doesn’t have to be designed around bulky tapes. Digital camcorders’ designs are much smaller and sleeker than anything that has gone before.

Some people think you have to have a computer to use a digital camcorder, but that’s not actually true. What is true, however, is that it’s so much easier to transfer any videos you make to your computer for further editing or posting on the web. All you need to do is plug in a cable, click a few buttons and you’re done – in fact, if your camcorder has a Bluetooth wireless connection, you don’t even need to plug in the cable!

The final factor in favour of digital camcorders is an interesting one, and one that many people don’t realise. It’s impossible to use an analogue camcorder as a normal stills camera, because of the completely different kinds of film. With a digital camcorder, however, it’s dead easy to also use it as a digital camera, and store stills and video right alongside each other. When you consider the amount of money you save by not having to buy both a camera and a camcorder, it makes digital camcorders look like an even better deal than ever.

John Gibb is the owner of digital camcorder sources . For more information on digital camcorders check out http://www.digital-camcorder-data2k.info

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=John_Gibb

How To Make A Time-Lapse Video With Your Digital Video Camera By Kevin Rockwell

Getting the most out of your digital video camera can mean being able to create some really cool stuff. You just have to step outside the manual a bit and find the cool things you can do with your digital video camera and your editing software.

We have all seen them in a movie or a TV show, those very cool shots where they speed up time and capture a long segment of time and condense it into a very short amount of video. My very favorite example of this technique was an arty movie of many years ago that was called Koyaanisqatsi. (view trailer) In that movie they had some very interesting segments where they did time lapse effects to show driving on a bridge, flowers growing, clouds flying by and so on. Another example is many of the TV news stations nowadays have a camera that captures the day’s weather and then they process it down to a 20 second clip to show the clouds and weather racing by on screen.

Well this technique is not just a tool in the hands of the movie makers or the big TV stations. You can do this with your digital video camera gear too. I will go into two ways that you can accomplish this effect and get some cool results for your next video project. This one is worth playing around with in order to find the right settings to get the most dramatic effect.

Technique number one is to use the camera itself to do the time lapse recording for you. Almost all digital video cameras have the ability to do an interval recording. What this means in a nutshell is that you tell the camera how long you want to record for and how long in between recordings and it will go on autopilot for you for as long as the battery lasts or the tape runs out. This is what those cameras at the convenience store do, they record a few seconds of motion every 30-60 seconds giving the overall view of the traffic in the store over time.

Now if you want to capture some time lapse in your digital video camera you will need to get into your cameras menu and find Interval Recording (or in my case Int Rec, as I use a Sony PD 150 for my camera) When you select this option you will decide how long of an interval between shots you want and how long to record each time. If you are trying to capture something that takes a long time to occur and in which not much happens quickly you will want to set the interval at around a minute and the record time as short as possible on your camera. An example would be if you wanted to record a day in the life of a flower or the clouds rolling by in the sky. Suppose however that you want to capture an event that has lots of action and occurs over a much shorter time frame. Then you would want to shorten the interval between recordings and increase the time of each recording. So in this case you might record every 15-30 seconds and record up to 2-3 seconds of video each time.

I used this technique to capture an afternoon of work being done by a team of carpenters on my house remodeling project. The result was a flurry of activity as workers raced hither and yon nailing boards, carrying equipment and building walls. I have added it to my photo collection of the project. (Hey I had to live through the project so I might as well have a great record of it for posterity!)

Now suppose you have one of the great software video editing packages on your computer to work with your digital video camera. Now you can do it in post as they say in the business. You can record any length of video you want (subject to the limitations of your tape length) and then import it into your editing program.

Sidebar:

I use Adobe Premiere Pro for my editing jobs, but I have also used Avid DV Express, Final Cut Pro, and others in the non linear editing world. These are all great programs and are very powerful products that can create some very professional looking videos. You don’t have to have these products to create your own videos but if you are serious about digital video editing it might be a good idea to take a look at these options.

I digitize my raw video of the scene I am doing time lapse on into my computer (big hard drive, video eats up GB’s of space) and then import the clip into my time line. From th3e timeline you can then select the clip with a right click. From there you will be given a menu with options depending on the software you use. Select the option that says “duration”, “speed” or something similar. Change the speed of the clip so that time will speed up considerably. If you have an hour of video in the clip and want to shorten it to 2 -5 minutes then you need to increase the speed of the clip to 3 or 4 thousand percent of normal. This will require your software to render the clip at the higher speed and may take some time top process depending on the speed of your computer.

Once you have rendered the video clip at the new speed you will want to play it to see if the movie flows evenly or if you will want to readjust the speed setting to make it better. Sometimes you may want to shorten your raw video and adjust the speed down somewhat in order to get a smooth flow of action. Once you have rendered the clip at the new speed you can now cut and splice it as you see fit with the speeded up action intact. There are some things you will record that might only need a slight speed change, take for instance some digital video of your kids playing sports. Double or triple the speed of the clip and show it to them and you might have them rolling on the floor.

You can also use these techniques to capture the growth of a flower or plant over the course of days or weeks. Simply set you camera in exactly the same place at the same time each day and record an interval that works each day fro however long you want to document. May be you get the seedling just breaking soil and follow it all the way through turning into a full grown plant.

Another interesting idea is to capture the path of the moon across the night sky. Set up your camera on a tripod in a spot that can see the path of the moon for several hours. Set the camera to interval record and put the moon on one side of the frame so that it will pass across the frame as the night passes. This one may require some testing in order to get the exposure and framing right as well as the right interval to record at. Most likely you would want to set the interval as long as you can and the record time as short as you can but do a test run first to see what works.

I can’t stress enough that using your digital video camera can be great fun and you can achieve some cool results. Play around and test. You just might find yourself creating some very creative digital video to share with the rest of the world.

Kevin Rockwell worked as a network TV cameraman for 20 years shooting news and sports. Now a devoted fan of digital photography and video he works to gather information, tips and news for digital camera users. Oh and he loves to shoot pictures of cool and interesting things all the time. http://www.great-digital-cameras.com/gdcj.html

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kevin_Rockwell

Sony DCR HC 38E Camcorder By Monty Alexander

Sony DCR HC38E camcorder comes with powerful zoom lenses. It has the optical zoom of 40 x and digital zoom of 80/2000 x. It sports Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar Lens with the filter diameter of 30 mm. Optical zoom is a feature that alters a camcorders focal length, filling more of the frame within the subject. An optical zoom lens actually moves in and out of the camcorder. Unlike a digital zoom, an optical zoom will not reduce the resolution of your video; moreover it helps you to concentrate on the subject of the video to be shot. This camcorder also brings a faraway object nearer and hence is useful in shooting videos of flora and fauna or anything that is moving. Whereas a digital zoom is software inside the camcorder that enlarges subject in the video to be shot. Digital zoom enlarges the subject of the video to be shot, while reducing the resolution of the video.

Sony DCR HC38E: Inside Out

Sony DCR HC38E camcorder has 2.5" screen which is a wide 4:3 LCD Screen with Touch Panel. It has various features like: video playback controls, Program AE, effects mode, search and title entry by a simple touch on the generously sized LCD screen. The touch panel is treated in such a manner that it gets protected against dirt and fingerprints.

For those who have a shaky hand, Sony DCR-HC38E camcorder comes with the option of Super SteadyShot System. With this you can get rid of those unwanted blurs which at times hamper clearly enjoying the video.

Uniqueness

One of the unique features of Sony DCR HC38E camcorder is the presence of Super NightShot. With this feature you get a built-in infrared system that allows you to capture video in monochrome recording from up to 10 feet away even in total darkness. It also helps in increasing the brightness, contrast and quality of the picture with its Slow Shutter speeds.

Another feature that will impress you is the option of video talk. With this feature you can talk live to you callers and even playback any video to them. Another interesting feature is the Video Streaming mode. With this you can do live recording on your PC, you won't need to use the i-LINK terminal.

Conclusion

For those who have a knack for photography, this Sony DCR HC38E camcorder is the best buy.

Monty Alexander has a good name as an author; his articles cover many topics including Sony camcorders, digital camera, camcorders and camera.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Monty_Alexander

Using Your Micro Video Camera For Recreational Purposes By Nahshon Roberts Platinum Quality Author

Your micro video camera can be used for recreational purposes, too! Just because it is used for monitoring nannies and employees, cheating husbands and erring children, cops and robbers, does not necessarily mean that it cannot be used for good, clean fun, too! Here is how.

Remote Controlled Toys

If you attach a micro video camera to a remote controlled toy, you will get a feeling akin to playing a racing video game. The only visible difference is that instead of virtual landscapes, you will be navigating real terrain.

You can attach a micro video camera to the nose of your toy helicopter or plane and watch your neighborhood park and your yard from a totally different perspective! You can control the toy to zoom around the neighborhood just so you can get to know the layout more. Just be very careful that you do not exceed the limits on objective expectation of privacy and other laws lest you find yourself in a totally different neighborhood, otherwise known as the jailhouse.

As to your toy car, you can also attach the micro video camera inside it. Watch how grass looks from an ant's point of view, almost like being in the "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids" movie! You never know when you can use the footage for your very own "shrinking" home movie, right?

You should look for a camera that can be plugged into the receiver as power source or a camera that can be used with a Y splitter. The idea is that your tiny camera will operate on the same battery as that of the toy vehicle.

Practical Jokes

If you are a fan of gag shows like "Candid Camera", a micro video camera is the right tool to get you started on a career as a practical joker. Just remember that your practical jokes must never endanger the lives of the targets; go easy on scare jokes for old people, weights falling down on heads, and other potentially fatal pranks.

You can position the hidden camera in a strategic place - opposite the doorway when the joke involves door pranks like stacking up books to block the entryway, up above the ceiling for better coverage, inside the bathroom for monsters-popping-up-on-the-toilet-seat pranks, and other places you deem good for capturing the action. Again, be mindful of privacy issues.

Voyeuristic Tendencies

This is an extreme in recreational purposes for a micro video camera. You are endangering your freedom in exchange for satisfying your sexual kicks. Then again, America has always been about "each to his own", right?

There a few things you need to remember on voyeurism. You are invading the privacy of the individuals you are videotaping without their consent. As such, you can be prosecuted and jailed for violating the laws. You might be able to hide pinhole cameras to become a high-tech peeping Tom but only under the cloud of a felony (and more than 12 years of prison time for some crimes) hanging over your head.

Is it not better to play with toys and jokes than with privacy issues? The next time you think of using your pinhole cameras for recreation, try to stay within the confines of decency and of the law.

Who says your pinhole nanny camera, especially the wireless nanny camera, can only be used for altruistic purposes? Use your micro video camera to have fun, too, and visit Video-Surveillance-Guide.com today!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Nahshon_Roberts

How to take care of your video camera

How to take care of your video camera

When it comes to special occasions that need recording, a video camera will surely be one of the few items present inside the bag. In addition to the camera, a video camera is one of the mainstays of every special event in the family and with the Christmas season and Thanksgiving a few days away, video cameras of all shapes and sizes are being charged inside the homes or being bought off the shelf.

Unlike photographic cameras, which capture one-time images into still shots, video cameras can capture everything, every detail every second and every minute of the day. This is what makes video cameras so popular. It can get every scene in a flash. Nothing is missed!

If you already have your own video camera, it is important that you take care of it. Video cameras like photography cameras have very sensitive parts that you can easily damage when you are not careful. Below are some of the things that you should really watch out for.

Protecting the lens

This is the single most important part in a video camera and it is also the most expensive. If this is damaged, you will have to spend so much, sometimes even enough to buy a new video camera. It is therefore important that you always protect this part.

When storing the camera, make sure that there are no pointed objects that can scratch the lens. Most video cameras that are being sold nowadays have a special compartment for the lens. Old models have lens covers that will protect it from scratches.

When holding the camera, it is important that you loop the strap in your hands or around your neck. This is a safety precaution just in case you accidentally drop the camera. At least, it will not fall on the floor! Dropping the camera is a major no-no because the lens can easily break.

Taking care of the memory card

Although most video cameras have internal memory, which you can use, new models have expandable options. Now, users can add on to the internal memory by using memory cards. In fact, some do not even use the internal memory anymore as this can only slow down the processes of the camera.

To take care of the memory cards, it is important that you place them in a special case, which will protect them from sharp objects or hard ones that can damage its delicate parts.

Lengthening the life of the battery

Although most are probably not charging their batteries according to what the manual says, it is still important that you try to follow the manual every now and then. The general rule is to actually drain the battery first before fully charging it. Fully charging it means that you should not pull the plug until the battery is charged completely. Not charging it fully and not draining the battery before charging can actually cut short or lessen the battery life.

The initial charging of the battery is another area that you should take special attention of. Depending on what the manual says, the battery is often charged for more than 12 hours, sometimes even the whole day. It is vital that the instructions for the initial charging are followed as this can affect the performance of the battery.

Bob is the owner of Electronics DVD VCR Stereo which is an up-to-date electronics information website.

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